Electronic mail communications system with client email internet service provider (isp) polling application and related methods

ABSTRACT

An electronic mail (email) communications system may include a mobile wireless communications device, a wireless communications network connected to the Internet, and an Internet Service Provider (ISP) server connected to the Internet for receiving emails for a given user. The system may further include an email proxy server connected to the Internet for pushing emails from the ISP server to the mobile wireless communications device via the wireless communications network. A user computer may be connected to the Internet and may include a client email application for periodically polling the ISP server to detect new emails. The client email application may also send new email notifications to the email proxy server upon detection of new emails to cause the email proxy server to push the new emails to the mobile wireless communications device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of communications systems,and, more particularly, to wireless electronic mail (email)communications systems and related methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electronic mail (email) has become an integral part of business andpersonal communications. As such, many users have multiple emailaccounts for work and home use. Moreover, with the increasedavailability of mobile cellular and wireless local area network (LAN)devices that can send and receive emails, many users wirelessly accessemails stored in source mailboxes of different email storage servers(e.g., corporate email storage server, Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL, etc.).

One approach for delivering emails to a user's mobile wirelesscommunications device is to use an email proxy server to retrieve newemails from an email storage server(s) (e.g., an ISP server) associatedwith the user's email account, and then forward the emails to the user'swireless handheld device. One challenge of doing so is knowing when tocheck the email storage server for new messages. Typically, this is doneperiodically because the email proxy server will not otherwise know whena new message arrives. Yet, if the period of polling is too short, thismay place a significant burden on the email proxy server, particularlyif it has to check multiple email servers for numerous users.

Another approach to forwarding emails to wireless handheld devices isprovided by a client application called SMS4Mail. This program checksand filters email accounts and sends Short Message Service (SMS)messages to a user's mobile phone. The program can handle up to twentyPOP3 e-mail accounts, and it may also send the SMS messages to multiplemobile phones at the same time. Various criteria may be used forfiltering incoming e-mails to be sent to the mobile phone, such as Fromand Subject fields. Users also have the option to limit the maximumnumber of SMS messages for one day. Moreover, an SMS message is only tobe sent once for each email which meets the specified filteringcriteria.

While such systems may be advantageous for notifying users on theirmobile phone when new messages are available, SMS messages are limitedto a relatively small number of characters, so while a user will receivean indication of a new email, if the email is fairly long the user willonly be able to see the very first part of the message. Moreover, manywireless network (i.e., cellular) carriers charge for each SMS message,which may make such an approach undesirably expensive for some users.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an email communications system inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an email communications method in accordancewith the present invention.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are flow diagrams of an alternative embodiment of themethod of FIG. 2 illustrating operational steps relating to the clientemail application and the email proxy server, respectively.

FIG. 5 is schematic block diagram of an exemplary direct accesselectronic mail (email) distribution and synchronization system that maybe used for the email proxy server of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of userinterface components of the direct access proxy of the system of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of theWeb client engine of the system of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of themobile office platform engine machine for use in the system of FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of thedatabase module of the system of FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram illustrating exemplary componentsof a mobile wireless communications device for use with the system ofFIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present description is made with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown. However, manydifferent embodiments may be used, and thus the description should notbe construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather,these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thoroughand complete. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and primenotation and multiple prime notation are used to indicate similarelements or steps in alternate embodiments.

Generally speaking, an electronic mail (email) communications system mayinclude at least one mobile wireless communications device, a wirelesscommunications network connected to the Internet, and an InternetService Provider (ISP) server connected to the Internet for receivingemails for a given user. The system may further include an email proxyserver connected to the Internet for pushing emails from the ISP serverto the at least one mobile wireless communications device via thewireless communications network. In addition, the system may furtherinclude a user computer connected to the Internet and including a clientemail application for periodically polling the ISP server to detect newemails. The client email application may also send new emailnotifications to the email proxy server upon detection of new emails tocause the email proxy server to push the new emails to the mobilewireless communications device. This advantageously relieves theworkload of the email proxy server, as it need not poll the ISP serverfor new emails since the client application already does so.

By way of example, each email may have a respective uniqueidentification (UID) associated therewith, and the user computer maypoll the ISP for new emails based upon the UIDs. The new emailnotifications may include the UIDs of the new emails.

Furthermore, the client email application may establish a semi-permanentHyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) connection with the email proxyserver for sending new email notifications. Moreover, the email proxyserver may periodically poll the ISP server to detect new emails if thesemi-permanent HTTP connection with the client email application isterminated, to thereby provide a fallback so that the given user willcontinue to have email pushed to the mobile wireless communicationsdevice if the semi-permanent connection with the client emailapplication is lost. In particular, the client email application mayinitiate the semi-permanent connection using an HTTP GET request, andthe client email application may also send the new email notificationsusing an HTTP POST request.

The client email application may further provide an operational statusconfirmation notification to the email proxy server after a periodduring which no new email notifications are sent. For example, this maybe done so that the email proxy server knows that the client emailapplication is still connected via the semi-permanent HTTP connectionand operating properly, and that the lack of communication is simply aresult of there being no new email messages at the ISP server. Inaddition, the client email application period of polling may be userselectable. Also, the wireless communications network may be a cellularcommunications network, for example.

An email communications method aspect may include installing a clientemail application on a user computer connected to the Internet, andperiodically polling an ISP server connected to the Internet to detectnew emails for a given user using the client email application. Themethod may further include sending new email notifications to an emailproxy server using the client email application upon detection of newemails, and pushing copies of the emails from the ISP server to a mobilewireless communications device of the given user via a wirelesscommunications network using the email proxy server.

A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions maybe for causing a user computer connected to the Internet to performsteps including periodically polling an ISP server connected to theInternet to detect new emails for a given user, and sending new emailnotifications to an email proxy server upon detection of new emails.This advantageously causes the email proxy server to push copies of theemails from the ISP server to a mobile wireless communications device ofthe given user via a wireless communications network.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, an email communications system 30and associated method are now described. The system 30 illustrativelyincludes a mobile wireless communications device 31, a wirelesscommunications network 32 connected to the Internet 33, and an InternetService Provider (ISP) server 34 connected to the Internet for receivingemails for a given user. By way of example, the mobile wirelesscommunications device 31 may be a cellular device which is capable ofsending and receiving emails, and the wireless communications network 32may be a cellular network, as will be appreciated by those skilled inthe art.

Other types of mobile wireless communications devices 31 and mobilewireless communications networks may be used, such as a wireless localarea network (WLAN) (e.g., IEEE 802.11x, Bluetooth, etc.). Moreover, itshould also be noted that only a single wireless communications device31, wireless communications network 32, and ISP server 34 are shown inthe illustrated example for clarity of reference, but in an actualimplementation there may be numerous ISP servers, networks (e.g.,cellular carriers networks), mobile devices, and even email proxyservers 35 as well.

The system 30 further illustratively includes an email proxy server 35connected to the Internet 33 for pushing the emails from the ISP serverto the mobile wireless communications device 31 via the wirelesscommunications network 32. By “push” it is meant that the email proxyserver 35 sends emails to the mobile wireless communications device 31without the device having to initiate a check for new emails or send arequest to download new emails (such as through an SMS command, forexample). Sending emails could include directly sending the storedemails or sending copies thereof. The email proxy server 35 may be anaggregation server that aggregates emails from one or more user emailaccounts (e.g., GMail, Hotmail, AOL, corporate account, etc.) to asingle convenient target email box (here, the user's mobile wirelesscommunications device 31), as will be appreciated by those skilled inthe art.

The system 30 also illustratively includes a user computer 36 connectedto the Internet 33 and including a client email application 37. Inparticular, the user computer 36 could be a stand-alone computer that isconnected to the Internet 33 through the user's ISP gateway. Inaddition, the user computer 36 could also be connected together withother computers in a network, such as in a LAN (e.g., at a corporation),and/or be located in a protected computer environment (e.g., behind anetwork firewall). The client email application 37 is installed by auser or network administrator, as the case may be, on the user computer(Blocks 40, 41). To this end, the client email application 37 may beimplemented with a software module or program installed on the usercomputer 36, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Regardless of the location of the user computer 36, by accessing theInternet 33 the client email application 37 advantageously polls the ISPserver 34 on a periodic basis to detect new emails for the user, atBlock 42. In certain email aggregation systems, the email proxy server35 is ordinarily responsible for polling the ISP server 34 for new mailsfor a plurality of different user accounts (in practice there maytypically be several ISPs each with numerous user accounts to be polled,as noted above). As a result, the load on the email proxy server (orservers) 35 may become extremely burdensome as the number of systemusers grows if the period at which the server polls for new email is settoo short.

However, in the system 30 the client email application 37, which isinstalled on the user computer 36, advantageously performs the pollingfunction for the email proxy server 35. That is, the client emailapplication 37 handles polling for new emails for a respective user ISPemail account. This advantageously relieves the workload of the emailproxy server 35, as it no longer has to poll the ISP server 34 for newemails since the client email application 37 already does so.

Another significant advantage of using the client email application 37to perform the polling operation is that this may allow the user to sethis preferred interval for polling. That is, the user can advantageouslyset a very short interval for polling for new messages (e.g., everyminute or less) if the user requires prompt access to emails. Bycomparison, the email proxy server 35 may practically only be able topoll at a relatively high interval (e.g., every fifteen minutes) due tothe increased load of polling for numerous users at more frequentintervals. Thus, using the client email application to individually pollfor only the user's emails, rather than relying upon the email proxyserver 35 (which would perform shared polling for numerous users) givesthe user more flexibility in setting his desired polling interval. Byway of example, the user may set the polling interval via a graphicaluser interface (GUI) control window for the client email applicationsoftware, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Once the client email application 37 detects that a new email(s) isavailable on the ISP server 34 for the given user, the client emailapplication sends a new email notification to the email proxy server 35,at Blocks 43 and 44. This advantageously causes the email proxy server35 to push the new emails to the mobile wireless communications device31 (Block 45), thus concluding the illustrated method (Block 46).

Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4, additional operational and method aspectsof the client email application 37 and email proxy server 35,respectively, are now described. After installation of the client emailapplication 37 on the user computer 36, the client email application 37is assigned a global unique identifier (GUID), which is also saved in aknowledge base (not shown) for use by the email proxy server 35. Theclient email application 37 may supply this GUID in communications withthe email proxy server 35 for authentication purposes.

In some embodiments, the user may manually initiate a session of theclient email application 37 on the user computer 36. For example, theuser may run the client email application 37 upon leaving the office forthe evening or for an extended period. In other embodiments, the clientemail application 37 may be implemented as a background program thatoperates whenever the operating system (OS) (e.g., Windows NT, etc.) ofthe user computer 36 is running, and is transparent to the user. Thatis, as long as the OS is running, the client email application 37 willrun in the background to automatically begin performing the operationsdiscussed above.

To this end, the client email application 37 opens or initiates aconnection to the email proxy server 35, at Block 47′, and identifiesitself uniquely by supplying the GUID. By way of example, the clientemail application 37 may initiate the connection by sending an HTTP GETrequest to the email proxy server 35. The client email application 37may also provide additional HTTP headers therein, such as dataspecifying the globally unique identifier (GUID) to the HTTP server 102,for example. The email proxy server 35 may thereby establish with theclient email application 37 a semi-permanent connection that isavailable for the client email application to send new emailnotifications to the email proxy server.

By establishing the semi-permanent connection, the client emailapplication 37 and the email proxy server 35 may advantageouslycommunicate using standard HTTP requests to avoid being blocked by afirewall or other network security programs. That is, because the clientemail application 37 and the email proxy server 35 advantageouslycommunicate using HTTP requests, communications therebetween appear asnormal HTTP (i.e., Internet) traffic to a firewall program, whichtypically allows such communications to proceed where othercommunications (e.g., file transfers, etc.) are otherwise blocked, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Of course, in someembodiments the client email application 37 and the email proxy server35 need not necessarily establish the semi-permanent HTTP connection andmay communicate using other techniques, as will also be appreciated bythose skilled in the art.

Each email stored on the ISP server 34 may have a respective uniqueidentification (UID) associated therewith, which may be a number oralphanumeric string, for example. As such, the client email application37 may poll the ISP server 34 for new emails based upon the UIDs. Thatis, the client email application 37 may record a list of current emailUIDs stored on the ISP server 34 after it polls the ISP server. When theclient email application 37 next polls the ISP server 34, it can thuscompare a newly received list of emails on the ISP server 34 with thepreviously stored list to determine if there are any differences (i.e.,any new UIDs that were not present in the previously stored list). Ifso, the client email application 37 determines that a new email(s) isavailable, at Blocks 42′-43′, and can send the new email notification tothe email proxy server 35.

The client email application 37 may format the new email notificationsas HTTP POST requests, for example, to send to the email proxy server35, at Block 44′. This essentially reverses the traditionalclient-server relationship between the client email application 37 andthe email proxy server 35, in that a client application typically onlysends HTTP GET requests to a server, and it is the server that respondswith HTTP POST requests. In this way, the email proxy server 35 may alsoadvantageously send work jobs to the client email application 37 via anHTTP POST request (responsive to the HTTP GET request used by the clientemail application to initiate the semi-permanent connection).

By way of example, one work job may be to reconcile a corporate emailaccount inbox with the inbox on the mobile wireless communicationsdevice 31 if the user computer is within a corporate networkenvironment. In this way, the client email application 37 may be usednot only to poll for emails on one or more of the user's ISP emailsaccounts, but may also be used to poll for emails on the user'scorporate account, and respective new email notifications for eachaccount may be sent to the email proxy server 35. The client emailapplication 37 may also be used to reconcile the user's emails on theISP server 34, if such functionality is supported by the ISP.

The new email notifications may include the UIDs of the newly locatedemails in some embodiments, which allows the email proxy server 35 torequest from the ISP server 34 the particular new emails that it needsto push to the mobile wireless communications device 31. However, theUIDs need not be included in the new email notifications in allembodiments, and the email proxy server 35 may also use a previouslystored list of UIDs to determine which emails stored on the ISP server34 are new and need to be pushed to the device 31. Of course, otherapproaches for determining new emails may be used, such as by date(e.g., all emails with a received date/time later than the last checkdate/time), etc., as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Once the semi-permanent connection between the email proxy server 35 andthe client email application 37 is established, the email proxy servermonitors the connection to make sure that the client email applicationis still operational and providing notifications when available. The wayin which the email proxy server 35 knows that the client emailapplication 37 is still operational and connected is by (a) receiving anew email notification, or (b) receiving an operational statusconfirmation notification, as discussed above. That is, the email proxyserver 35 will expect to receive one of these two types of notificationsfrom the client email application 37 within a certain period of time(e.g., 15 minutes), and if it does not it will consider thesemi-permanent connection terminated, at Block 50″. When a new emailnotification (or operational status confirmation notification) isreceived, at Block 51″, the email proxy server 35 pushes copies of thenew emails to the mobile wireless handheld device 31, at Block 45″.

However, if the semi-permanent connection is terminated and the emailproxy server 35 and the client email application 37 are no longer ableto communicate via the Internet, the email proxy server 35 mayadvantageously begin periodically polling the ISP server 34 to detectnew emails, at Block 52″. As such, this advantageously provides afallback so that the given user will continue to have email pushed tothe mobile wireless communications device 31 even though thesemi-permanent connection with the client email application 37 is lost.

In accordance with another advantageous aspect, a computer-readablemedium may have computer-executable instructions for causing the usercomputer 36 to perform steps including periodically polling the ISPserver 34 to detect new emails for a given user, and sending new emailnotifications to the email proxy server 35 upon detection of new emails.This advantageously causes the email proxy server 35 to push copies ofthe new emails from the ISP server to the mobile wireless communicationsdevice 31 of the given user via the wireless communications network 32,as discussed further above.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an exemplary direct access (DA) emaildistribution and synchronization system 200 is now described which maybe used to provide the above-described email proxy server 37 functions.The system 200 allows direct access to different mail sources, allowingmessages to be transferred directly to a mobile wireless handheld devicefrom a source mailbox. As a result, different mail stores need not beused for integrated external source mail accounts, and a permanent copyof an email in a local email store is not required.

Although this diagram depicts objects as functionally separate, suchdepiction is merely for illustrative purposes. It will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that the objects portrayed in this figure canbe arbitrarily combined or divided into separate software, firmware orhardware components. Furthermore, it will also be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that such objects, regardless of how they arecombined or divided, can execute on the same computing device or can bearbitrarily distributed among different computing devices connected byone or more networks.

The direct access system 200 enables email users or subscribers to haveemail from third-party email services pushed to various mobile wirelesscommunications devices 250. Users need not create a handheld emailaccount to gain direct access to an existing external email account. Thedirect access system 200 may operate without performing aggregation asused in some prior art systems, in which emails are aggregated frommultiple different source mailboxes to a single target mailbox. In otherwords, email need not be stored in an intermediate target mailbox, butinstead may advantageously be accessed directly from a source mailstore.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the direct access system 200 illustrativelyincludes a Web client (WC) engine 220 and a mobile office platform (MOP)240. These Web client engine 220 and mobile office platform 240 operatetogether to provide users with direct access to their email from mobilewireless communications devices 250 via one or more wirelesscommunications networks 270, for example. Both the Web client engine 220and the mobile office platform 240 may be located at the same locationor at separate locations, and implemented in one or more servers. Theweb client engine 220 illustratively includes a port agent 300 forcommunicating with the wireless communications devices 250 via thewireless communications network(s) 270, a worker 320, a supervisor 340,and an attachment server 360, which will be discussed further below. Analert server 380 is shown in dashed lines, and in one preferredembodiment, is not used, but could be part of the system in yet otherembodiments.

The mobile office platform 240 illustratively includes a DA proxy 400,and a proxy application programming interface (APT) 420 and a cache 440cooperating with the DA proxy. The mobile office platform 240 alsoillustratively includes a load balance and cache (LBAC) module 460, anevent server 480, a universal proxy (UP) Servlet 540, an AggCron module560, a mobile office platform (MOP) engine 580, and a database (DB)engine 600, which will be discussed in further detail below. The LeastRecently Used (LRU) cache 410 caches new messages, and can releasemessages and objects that were least recently used.

The supervisor 340 processes new mail notifications that it receivesfrom the direct access proxy 400. It then assigns a job, in the form ofa User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet, to the least-loaded worker 320,according to the most recent UDP heartbeat the supervisor 340 hasreceived. For purposes of this description, heartbeat is a tool thatmonitors the state of the server. Additionally, the supervisor 340 willreceive a new service book request from the direct access proxy 400 tosend service books to the mobile wireless communication device for newor changed accounts. A service book can be a class that could containall service records currently defined. This class can be used tomaintain a collection of information about the device, such asconnection information or services, such as an email address of theaccount.

The worker 320 is an intermediary processing agent between thesupervisor 340 and the port agent 300, and responsible for mostprocessing in the Web client engine 220. It will retrieve e-mail from auniversal proxy 540, via a direct access proxy, and format e-mail inCompressed Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (CMIME) as a type ofMultipurpose Internet Mail Extension, and send it to the port agent 300,for further processing. Its responsibilities include the followingtasks: (1) messages sent to and received from the handheld; (2) messagereply, forward and more requests; (3) Over-The-Air Folder Managementoperation (OTAFM); (4) attachment viewing; and (5) service book.

The port agent 300 acts as a transport layer between the infrastructureand the rest of the Web client engine 220. It is responsible fordelivering packets to and from the mobile wireless communicationsdevice. To support different integrated mailboxes with one device, morethan one service book can be used, and each service book can beassociated with one integrated mailbox. A port agent 300 can include oneServer Relay Protocol (SRP) connection to a relay, but it can alsohandle multiple SRP connections, and each connection may have a uniqueGlobally Unique Identifier (GUID) associated with a service book. Theattachment server 360 provides service for document/attachmentconversion requests from workers 320.

The direct access proxy 400 provides a Web-based Distributed Authoringand Versioning (WebDAV) interface that is used by the worker 320 toaccess account and mailbox information. This provides functionality tocreate, change and move documents on a remote server, e.g., a Webserver. The direct access proxy 400 typically will present anasynchronous interface to its clients. The LBAC module 460 is used by anotification server and the Web client engine 220 components to locatethe proper DA proxy for the handling of a request. The universal proxyServlet 540 abstracts access to disparate mail stores into a commonprotocol. The event server 480 responds to notifications of new messagesfrom corporate servers 520 and/or mail service providers 500, which maybe received via the Internet 400, for example. The notifications arecommunicated to the direct access proxy 400 by the AggCron module 560and the event server 480 so that it may initiate checking for new mailon source mailboxes 510, 530 of the mail service providers 500 and/orcorporate servers 520. The proxy API can be a Simple Object AccessProtocol (SOAP) Daemon 420 and is the primary interface with a database600, which is the primary data store for the mobile office platform 240.The AggCron module 560 may also periodically initiate polling for newmessages as well.

The LBAC module 460 is used by a notification server and the Web clientengine 220 components to locate the proper DA proxy for the handling ofa request. The universal proxy servlet 540 abstracts access to disparatemail stores into a common protocol. The event server 480 responds tonotifications of new messages from corporate servers 520 and/or mailservice providers 500, which may be received via the Internet 400, forexample. The notifications are communicated to the Web client engine 220by the AggCron module 560 so that it may initiate checking for new mailon source mailboxes 510, 530 of the mail service providers 500 and/orcorporate servers 520. The proxy API (SOAP Daemon) 420 is the primaryinterface with a database 600, which is the primary data store for themobile office platform 240. The AggCron module 560 may also periodicallyinitiate polling for new messages as well.

FIG. 6 is a high-level block diagram showing user interface componentsof the direct access proxy 400. More particularly, the direct accessproxy 400 illustratively includes an identifier module 720 with variousdownstream proxy modules for different communication formats, such as aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) proxy module 740 and a HypertextMarkup Language (HTML) proxy module 760. Of course, it will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of proxymodules for other communications formats may also be used.

The identifier module 720 provides a centralized authentication servicefor the direct access system 200 and other services. An authenticationhandshake may be provided between an ID service and direct access system200 to ensure that users have the proper credentials before they areallowed access to the direct access system 200. The ability to switchfrom managing a Web client to a direct access system, or vice versa, mayoccur without requiring the user to re-enter any login credentials. AnyWeb client and direct access may share session management information onbehalf of a user.

The WAP proxy 740 provides a wireless markup language (WML)-based userinterface for configuring source mailboxes with the mobile officeplatform 240. The HTML proxy 760 provides an HTML-based user interfacefor configuring of source mailboxes in the MOP 240. The proxy API 420(SOAP Daemon) is the primary interface with the database 600. The engine580 is a protocol translator that connects to a source mailbox tovalidate configuration parameters. The database 600 is the primary userdata store for the mobile office platform 240.

FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate respective Web client engine machines 800(FIG. 7), an engine machine 820 (FIG. 8), and database machine 840 (FIG.9). The Web client engine machine 800 illustratively includes thesupervisors 340, workers 360, and port agents 380. Relays 860 cooperatewith the port agents 380 using a GUID.

The engine machine 820 illustratively includes a direct access proxy400, HTML proxy 760, WAP proxy 740, PDS module 880, UP Servlet 540, LBACmodule 460, a send-mail module 900, an secure mail client (SMC) server920, a secure sockets layer (SSL) proxy 940, an aggregation engine 960,and event server 480. The SMC server 920 cooperates with correspondingSMC modules resident on certain corporate networks, for example, toconvey email data between the mobile office platform 240 and sourcemailboxes. The database machine 840 may include an aggregationapplication programming interface (API) 1005 as a SOAP Daemon, anadministration console 1025, an aggregation database 1045, the AggCronmodule 560, an SMC directory server 1065, and a send mail module 900.

The various components of the Web client engine 220 may be configured torun on different machines or servers. The component binaries andconfiguration files may either be placed in a directory on the networkor placed on a local disk that can be accessed to allow the appropriatecomponents to run from each machine. In accordance with one exemplaryimplementation, deployment may include one supervisor, two workers, andone port agent for supporting 30,000 external source mailboxes, althoughother configurations may also be used Actual production deployment maydepend on the results of load, performance and stress testing, as willbe appreciated by those skilled in the art.

For the mobile office platform 240 direct access components, modules andvarious functions, machines are typically installed in twoconfigurations, namely engine machines (FIG. 8) and database machines(FIG. 9). While these machines may have all of the above-describedcomponents installed on them, not all of these components need be activein all applications (e.g., aggregation may be used with systems that donot support push technology, etc.). Once again, actual productiondeployment may depend on the results of load, performance and stresstesting.

The mobile office platform 240 architecture in one known techniqueadvantageously uses a set of device/language-specific extensibleStylesheet Language (XSL) files, which transform application data intopresentation information. In one non-limiting example, a build processtakes a non-localized XSL file and generates a localized XSL file foreach supported language. When the XSL file is used, it is “compiled” inmemory and cached for repeated use. The purpose of pre-localizing andcaching the templates is to reduce the CPU cycles required to generate apresentation page.

Branding may also be performed. Initially, a localized XSL file maybuild a WAP application to access aggregated email accounts. A WAP proxyapplication may be localizable and support multiple WAP devices. Foreach logical page of an application, a device-specific XSL file may becreated, which may be localized for each language/country supported.This rendering scheme may support not only WAP devices, but also SMTP,HTML and POP proxies, for example. In branding, each page of a givenapplication may be customized for each different brand.

The branding of a page may be accomplished through XSL file imports,including the use of a Java application programming interface (API) forXML processing (JAXP) feature to resolve the imports dynamically. Thisneed not require that each combined page/brand template be compiled andcached. By way of example, in a sample template directory, first andsecond pages for a single language/country may be combined with brandedcounterparts to generate a plurality of distinct template combinations.It is also possible to profile memory requirements of an application byloading templates for a single language, device/application and brand.An HTML device may include a set of templates that are large compared toother devices.

In one known technique, the mobile office platform 240 advantageouslybuilds process and takes non-localized files and language-specificproperty files and combines them to make each non-localized XSL fileinto an XSL file for each supported language. A separate XSL file foreach language need not be used, and the language factor may be removedfrom the memory usage equation. A JAXP API may be used to extend XSLfile with Java classes. The extensions may take various forms, forexample, including extension elements and extension functions. Atemplate may be transformed by creating and initializing an extensionobject with a locale and passing an object to a transformer. The systemcan remove multiple imports and use less memory. HTML templates can usetemplate importing to enable template reuse, much like Java classes, andreuse other Java classes through a mechanism like derivation orimporting.

In the direct access system 200, users receive email on their mobilewireless communications devices 250 from multiple external accounts, andwhen replying to a received message, the reply-to and sent-from addressintegrity is preserved. For example, for a user that has an integratedYahoo! account (user@yahoo.com) and a POP3 account (user@pop3.com), ifthey receive an email at user@yahoo.com, their replies generated fromthe device 250 will appear to come from user@yahoo.com. Similarly, if auser receives an email at user@pop3.com, their replies will appear tocome from user@pop3.com.

Selection of the “sent from” address is also available to a user thatcomposes new messages. The user will have the ability to select the“sent from” address when composing a new message. Depending on thesource mailbox type and protocol, the message may also be sent throughthe source mail service. This functionality can be supported by sendinga configuration for each source mailbox, for example, as a non-limitingexample, a service book for each source mailbox 510, 530 to the mobilewireless communications device 250.

As noted above, a service book is a class that may include all servicerecords currently defined. This class may be used to maintain acollection of information about the device, such as connectioninformation. The service book may be used to manage HTTP connections andmail (CMIME) information such as account and hierarchy. At mobilewireless communications devices 250, a delete service book request maybe sent when a source mailbox 510, 530 is removed from the account. Theservice book may also be resent to the device 250 with a viewable namethat gives the user some indication that the selection is no longervalid.

A sent items folder may also be “synchronized.” Any device-originatedsent messages may be propagated to a source account and stored in a sentmail folder, for example. Also, messages deleted on the device 250 maycorrespondingly be deleted from the source mailbox 510, 530. Anotherexample is that device-originated marking of a message as read or unreadon the device 250 may similarly be propagated to the source mailbox 510,530. While the foregoing features are described as source-dependent andsynchronizing one-way, in some embodiments certain synchronizationfeatures may in addition, or instead, propagate from the sourcemailbox/account to the handheld device, as will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art.

When available, the mail service provider or corporate mail server maybe used for submission of outgoing messages. While this may not bepossible for all mail service providers or servers, it is preferrablyused when available as it may provide several advantages. For example,subscribers to AOL will get the benefit of AOL-specific features likeparental controls. Furthermore, AOL and Yahoo users, as non-limitingexamples, will see messages in their sent items folder, and messagesrouted in this manner may be more compliant with new spam policies suchas Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and Sender Id. In addition, messagessent via corporate mail servers 520 will have proper name resolutionboth at the global address list level and the personal level. It shouldbe understood, however, that the use of the mail service provider 500 todeliver mail may be dependant on partner agreements and/or protocol,depending upon the given implementation.

The architecture described above also advantageously allows for featuressuch as on-demand retrieval of message bodies and attachments andmultiple folder support. Moreover, a “this-is-spam” button or indicatormay be used allowing company labels and other service provider-specificfeatures when supported by an underlying protocol, as will beappreciated by those skilled in the art.

One particular advantage of the direct access system 200 is that a userneed not configure an account before integrating additional accounts.However, a standalone email address may be used, and this addressadvantageously need not be tied to a mailbox size which the subscriberis required to manage. For example, the email account may be managed byan administrator, and any mail could be purged from the system after apre-determined period of time (i.e., time-based auto-aging with nomailbox limit for all users).

Additionally, all aspects of any integrated email account creation,settings and options may advantageously be available to the user fromtheir mobile wireless communications device 250 Thus, users need notvisit an HTML site and change a setting, create a filter, or performsimilar functions, for example. Of course, an HTML site may optionallybe used.

As a system Internet email service with the direct access system 200grows, ongoing emphasis may advantageously be placed on theadministrative site to provide additional information to carrieradministrators, support teams, and similar functions. However, in someinstances a mail connector may be installed on a personal computer, andthis functionality may not always be available from the mobile wirelesscommunications device.

The Web client engine 220 may advantageously support different featuresincluding message to handheld (MTH), message from handheld (MFH),forward/reply a message, request to view more for a large message (e.g.,larger than 2K), request viewing message attachment, and over the airfolder management (OTAFM). These functions are explained below.

For an MTH function, each email account integrated for a user is linkedwith the user device through a Web client service book. For each newmessage that arrives in the Web client user mailbox, a notification thatcontains the new message information will typically be sent to a Webclient engine supervisor component (FIG. 7), which in turn will assignthe job to an available worker with the least load in the system. Thechosen worker 320 will validate the user information and retrieve thenew message from the user source mailbox and deliver it to the userdevice.

In an MFH function, MFH messages associated with a Web client servicebook are processed by the Web client engine 220 and delivered to theInternet 490 by the worker 320 via the simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP) or native outbox. If a user turns on the option to save the sentmessage to the sent items folder, the direct access proxy will save acopy of the sent message to this folder.

In a Forward/Reply/More function, the user can forward or reply an MTHor MFH message from the mobile wireless communications device 250 aslong as the original message still existed in the direct access proxycache or in user mailbox. For MTH, the worker 320 may send the first 2K,for example, or the whole message (whatever is less) to the user device.If the message is larger than 2K, the user can request MORE to view thenext 2K of the message. In this case, the worker 320 will process theMore request by retrieving the original message from the user sourcemailbox, and send back the 2K that the device requests. Of course, insome embodiments more than 2K of message text (or the entire message)may be sent.

In an attachment-viewing function, a user can view a message attachmentof a popular document format (e.g., MS Word, MS Power Point, MS Excel,Word Perfect, PDF, text, etc.) or image format (GIF, JPEG, etc). Uponreceiving the attachment-viewing request, which is implemented in a formof the More request in this example, the worker 320 can fetch theoriginal message from the user source mailbox via the direct accessproxy, extract the requested attachment, process it and send result backto the user device. The processing requires that the original messagehas not been deleted from the user Web client mailbox.

In the save sent message to sent items folder function, if the userturns this option on, the worker 320 places a copy of each MFH messagesent from the user device in the user sent items folder in the mailbox.In over the air folder management, the Web client OTAFM servicemaintains any messages and folders in the user mailbox synchronized withthe user device over the air.

Whenever a message in the user source mailbox is Moved/Deleted, theassociated message on the device may also be Moved/Deleted accordingly,and vice-versa. When a message is Moved/Deleted on the device, theassociated message in the user Web client mailbox may also beMoved/Deleted accordingly. Similarly, when a folder isAdded/Removed/Renamed from the user Web client mailbox, the associatedfolder on the device may be Added/Removed/Renamed, and vice-versa.

The system 200 may advantageously support different subsets of variousmessaging features. For example, in the message to handheld function,the mobile office platform 240 may be responsible for connecting to thevarious source mailboxes 510, 530 to detect new emails. For each newmail, a notification is sent to the Web client engine 220 and, based onthis notification, the supervisor 340 chooses one of the workers 320 toprocess that email. The chosen worker will fetch additional accountinformation and the contents of the mail message from the direct accessproxy 400 and deliver it to the user device 250.

In a message sent from handheld function, the MFH could be given to thedirect access proxy 400 from the Web client worker 320. In turn, themobile office platform 240 delivers a message to the Internet 490 bysending through a native outbox or sending it via SMTP. It should beunderstood, however, that the native outbox, whenever possible, mayprovide a better user experience, especially when taking into accountcurrent anti-spam initiatives such as SPF and sender Id.

In a message deleted from handheld function, when a message is deletedfrom the device 250, the Web client engine 220 notifies the mobileoffice platform 240 via the direct access proxy 400. As such, the mobileoffice platform 240 can delete the same message on the source mailbox.

When handling More/Forward/Reply/Attachment viewing requests, the Webclient worker 320 may request an original mail from the direct accessproxy 400. It will then process the request and send the results to themobile wireless communications device 250. The architecture mayadditionally support on-demand retrieval of message parts and otherupgrades, for example.

Upon the integration of a new source mailbox 510, 530, the service booknotification from the alert server 380 may be sent to the supervisor340, which assigns this notification to a worker 320 for sending out aservice record to the device. Each source mailbox 510, 530 may beassociated with a unique service record. In this way, each MFH messageis linked with a source mailbox 510, 530 based on the service record onthe device.

The system 200 may also poll the integrated external mailboxesperiodically to check for new mail and to access any messages. Thesystem 200 may further incorporate optimizations for polling bandwidthfrom an aggregation component allowing a quick poll. The system 200 canalso advantageously support a large active user base and incorporate arapidly growing user base.

The topology of load balancing can be based on the size of a component'squeue and its throughput. These load statistics can be monitored by amechanism in one example called the UDP Heartbeat, as described before.If a component is overloaded or has a large queue size, the componentwill have less chance to get an assigned job from other components. Incontrast, a component will get more assigned jobs if it completes morejobs in the last few hours than other components. With this mechanism,the load could distribute over heterogeneous machine hardware, i.e.,components running on less power machines will be assigned fewer jobsthan those on machines with more power hardware.

General load balancing for any mobile office platform components can beaccomplished through the use of a load balancer module, for example, aBIG-IP module produced by F5 Networks of Seattle, Wash. BIG-IP canprovide load balancing and intelligent layer 7 switching, and can handletraffic routing from the Internet to any customer interfacing componentssuch as the WAP and HTML proxies. The use of a BIG-IP or similar modulemay provide the application with pooling capabilities, fault toleranceand session management, as will be appreciated by those skilled in theart.

Typically, access to a single-source mailbox 510, 530 can be from asingle direct access proxy 400 over a persistent connection. Anyrequests on behalf of a particular user could persist to the samemachine in the same direct access clustered partition. As certaincomponents are system-wide and will be handling work for users acrossmany partitions, these components can be designed to determine whichdirect access partition to communicate with on a request-by-requestbasis.

The load balancer and cache (LBAC) 460 may support this function. TheLBAC 460 is a system-wide component that can perform two importantfunctions. The first of these function is that it provides a mappingfrom the device PIN to a particular direct access proxy 400, whilecaching the information in memory for both fast access and to save loadon the central database. Secondly, as the direct access proxy 400 willbe run in clustered partitions, the LBAC 460 may distribute the loadacross all direct access proxies within any partition.

The LBAC 460 can be formed of different components. For example, thecode which performs the load balancing can be an extended version of asecure mail connector. The code can also perform lookups to the centraldatabase and cache the results (LBAC).

In one non-limiting example, when a worker requires that a direct accessproxy 400 perform work, it provides the LBAC 460 with a device PIN. TheLBAC 460 will discover which partition that PIN is associated with bylooking in its cache, or retrieving the partition identifier from acentral database (and caching the result). Once the partition is known,the LBAC 460 then consults its cache to see which direct access proxy inthat partition has been designated to handle requests for that PIN. Ifno mapping exists, the LBAC requests the PDS to create a new associationon the least loaded DA proxy 400 (again caching the result). Finally,the LBAC 460 responds to the worker 320 with the connection informationfor the proper direct access proxy to handle that particular request.

The secure mail connector 880 may run in failover pairs, where one is anactive master and the other is a secondary standby. Internal datastructures may be replicated in real-time from the master to thestandby. Multiple LBACs 460 can be run for scalability and faulttolerance, but typically would require an external connection balancingcomponent, such as the BIG-IP component as explained before.

A receiving component in the Web client engine 220 saves the job thathas been assigned to it from other components to a job store on the diskbefore processing. It can update the status of the job and remove thejob from the job store when the job processing is completed. In case ofcomponent failure or if the process is restarted, it can recover thejobs from the job store and, based on the current statuses of thesejobs, continue processing these jobs to the next state, saving the timeto reprocess them from the beginning.

Any recovery from the standpoint of MTH/MFH can be achieved throughcurrent polling behavior and on the Web client engine 220 recoverymechanisms. From within the mail office platform components, until amessage has been successfully delivered to a Web client engine 220, thatmessage is not recorded in the partition database 600. During the nextpolling interval, the system can again “discover” the message andattempt to notify the Web client engine 220. For new mail events, if anevent is lost, the system can pick up that message upon receiving thenext event or during the next polling interval. For sources supportingnotifications, this interval could be set at six hours, as onenon-limiting example. For messages sent from the Web client engine 220,and for messages that have been accepted by the Web client engine,recovery can be handled by different Web client engine components.

The Web client engine 220 may advantageously be horizontally andvertically scalable. Multiple supervisors 340 can beregistered/configured with direct access proxies 400 to provide thedistribution of the notification load and the availability of engineservice. Multiple workers 320 and port agents 300 can run on the samemachine or across multiple machines to distribute load and achieveredundancy. As the number of users grows, new components can be added tothe system to achieve high horizontal scalability.

It is possible for a new component to be added to or removed from thesystem automatically without down time. Traffic can automatically bedelegated to a new component and diverted away from failed components.Each component within the mobile office platform 240 can be deployedmultiple times to achieve horizontal scalability. To achieve verticalscalability, each mobile office platform 240 component can be amultithreaded process with a configurable number of threads to scaleunder heavy load. Pools of connections can be used to reduce theoverhead of maintaining too many open connections.

One example of a hand-held mobile wireless communications device 1000that may be used in accordance the system 30 is further described in theexample below with reference to FIG. 10. The device 1000 illustrativelyincludes a housing 1200, a keypad 1400 and an output device 1600. Theoutput device shown is a display 1600, which is preferably a fullgraphic LCD. Other types of output devices may alternatively beutilized. A processing device 1800 is contained within the housing 1200and is coupled between the keypad 1400 and the display 1600. Theprocessing device 1800 controls the operation of the display 1600, aswell as the overall operation of the mobile device 1000, in response toactuation of keys on the keypad 1400 by the user.

The housing 1200 may be elongated vertically, or may take on other sizesand shapes (including clamshell housing structures). The keypad mayinclude a mode selection key, or other hardware or software forswitching between text entry and telephony entry.

In addition to the processing device 1800, other parts of the mobiledevice 1000 are shown schematically in FIG. 10. These include acommunications subsystem 1001; a short-range communications subsystem1020; the keypad 1400 and the display 1600, along with otherinput/output devices 1060, 1080, 1100 and 1120; as well as memorydevices 1160, 1180 and various other device subsystems 1201. The mobiledevice 1000 is preferably a two-way RF communications device havingvoice and data communications capabilities. In addition, the mobiledevice 1000 preferably has the capability to communicate with othercomputer systems via the Internet.

Operating system software executed by the processing device 1800 ispreferably stored in a persistent store, such as the flash memory 1160,but may be stored in other types of memory devices, such as a read onlymemory (ROM) or similar storage element. In addition, system software,specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarilyloaded into a volatile store, such as the random access memory (RAM)1180. Communications signals received by the mobile device may also bestored in the RAM 1180.

The processing device 1800, in addition to its operating systemfunctions, enables execution of software applications 1300A-1300N on thedevice 1000. A predetermined set of applications that control basicdevice operations, such as data and voice communications 1300A and1300B, may be installed on the device 1000 during manufacture. Inaddition, a personal information manager (PIM) application may beinstalled during manufacture. The PIM is preferably capable oforganizing and managing data items, such as e-mail, calendar events,voice mails, appointments, and task items. The PIM application is alsopreferably capable of sending and receiving data items via a wirelessnetwork 1401. Preferably, the PIM data items are seamlessly integrated,synchronized and updated via the wireless network 1401 with the deviceuser's corresponding data items stored or associated with a hostcomputer system.

Communication functions, including data and voice communications, areperformed through the communications subsystem 1001, and possiblythrough the short-range communications subsystem. The communicationssubsystem 1001 includes a receiver 1500, a transmitter 1520, and one ormore antennas 1540 and 1560. In addition, the communications subsystem1001 also includes a processing module, such as a digital signalprocessor (DSP) 1580, and local oscillators (LOs) 1601. The specificdesign and implementation of the communications subsystem 1001 isdependent upon the communications network in which the mobile device1000 is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device 1000 mayinclude a communications subsystem 1001 designed to operate with theMobitex™, Data TAC™ or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) mobile datacommunications networks, and also designed to operate with any of avariety of voice communications networks, such as AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, PCS,GSM, etc. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate andintegrated, may also be utilized with the mobile device 1000.

Network access requirements vary depending upon the type ofcommunication system. For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC networks,mobile devices are registered on the network using a unique personalidentification number or PIN associated with each device. In GPRSnetworks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber oruser of a device. A GPRS device therefore requires a subscriber identitymodule, commonly referred to as a SIM card, in order to operate on aGPRS network.

When required network registration or activation procedures have beencompleted, the mobile device 1000 may send and receive communicationssignals over the communication network 1401. Signals received from thecommunications network 1401 by the antenna 1540 are routed to thereceiver 1500, which provides for signal amplification, frequency downconversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provideanalog to digital conversion. Analog-to-digital conversion of thereceived signal allows the DSP 1580 to perform more complexcommunications functions, such as demodulation and decoding. In asimilar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network 1401 areprocessed (e.g. modulated and encoded) by the DSP 1580 and are thenprovided to the transmitter 1520 for digital to analog conversion,frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission tothe communication network 1401 (or networks) via the antenna 1560.

In addition to processing communications signals, the DSP 1580 providesfor control of the receiver 1500 and the transmitter 1520. For example,gains applied to communications signals in the receiver 1500 andtransmitter 1520 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gaincontrol algorithms implemented in the DSP 1580.

In a data communications mode, a received signal, such as a text messageor web page download, is processed by the communications subsystem 1001and is input to the processing device 1800. The received signal is thenfurther processed by the processing device 1800 for an output to thedisplay 1600, or alternatively to some other auxiliary I/O device 1060.A device user may also compose data items, such as e-mail messages,using the keypad 1400 and/or some other auxiliary I/O device 1060, suchas a touchpad, a rocker switch, a thumb-wheel, or some other type ofinput device. The composed data items may then be transmitted over thecommunications network 1401 via the communications subsystem 1001.

In a voice communications mode, overall operation of the device issubstantially similar to the data communications mode, except thatreceived signals are output to a speaker 1100, and signals fortransmission are generated by a microphone 1120. Alternative voice oraudio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, mayalso be implemented on the device 1000. In addition, the display 1600may also be utilized in voice communications mode, for example todisplay the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call,or other voice call related information.

The short-range communications subsystem enables communication betweenthe mobile device 1000 and other proximate systems or devices, whichneed not necessarily be similar devices. For example, the short-rangecommunications subsystem may include an infrared device and associatedcircuits and components, or a Bluetooth™ communications module toprovide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices.

Many modifications and other embodiments will come to the mind of oneskilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it isunderstood that various modifications and embodiments are intended to beincluded within the scope of the appended claims.

1-24. (canceled)
 25. An electronic mail (email) system comprising: afirst server configured to push emails from a second server to at leastone mobile wireless communications device; and a processor configured topoll the second server to detect new emails, and to send new emailnotifications without the new emails to said first server upon detectionof new emails to cause said first server to push the new emails to theat least one mobile wireless communications device.
 26. The email systemof claim 25 wherein said processor is configured to periodically pollthe second server.
 27. The email system of claim 25 wherein each emailhas a respective unique identification (UID) associated therewith; andwherein said processor is configured to poll the second server for newemails based upon the UIDs.
 28. The email system of claim 27 wherein thenew email notifications comprise the UIDs of the new emails.
 29. Theemail system of claim 25 wherein said processor is configured toestablish a semi-permanent Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)connection with said first server for sending new email notifications.30. The email system of claim 29 wherein said first server is configuredto poll the second server to detect new emails if the semi-permanentHTTP connection is terminated.
 31. The email system of claim 29 whereinsaid processor is configured to initiate the semi-permanent connectionusing an HTTP GET request.
 32. The email system of claim 29 wherein saidprocessor is configured to send the new email notifications using anHTTP POST request.
 33. The email system of claim 25 wherein saidprocessor is configured to further provide an operational statusconfirmation notification to said first server after a period duringwhich no new email notifications are sent.
 34. The email system of claim25 wherein said processor is configured so that a period of polling isuser selectable.
 35. An electronic mail (email) system comprising: afirst server configured to push emails from a second server to at leastone mobile wireless communications, each email having a respectiveunique identification (UID) associated therewith; and a processorconfigured to establish a semi-permanent Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP) connection with said first server, poll the second server todetect new emails based upon the UIDs, and send new email notificationswithout the new emails to said first server upon detection of new emailsto cause said first server to push the new emails to the at least onemobile wireless communications device.
 36. The email system of claim 35wherein said processor is configured to periodically poll the secondserver.
 37. The email system of claim 35 wherein said first server isconfigured to poll the second server to detect new emails if thesemi-permanent HTTP connection is terminated.
 38. The email system ofclaim 35 wherein said processor is configured to initiate thesemi-permanent connection using an HTTP GET request.
 39. The emailsystem of claim 35 wherein said processor is configured to send the newemail notifications using an HTTP POST request.
 40. The email system ofclaim 35 wherein said processor is configured to further provide anoperational status confirmation notification to said first server aftera period during which no new email notifications are sent.
 41. The emailsystem of claim 35 wherein said processor is configured so that a periodof polling is user selectable.
 42. An electronic mail (email)communications method comprising: polling a second server connected todetect new emails for a processor; sending new email notificationswithout the new emails to a first server using the processor upondetection of new emails; and pushing emails from the second server to amobile wireless communications device user using the first server. 43.The method of claim 42 wherein polling comprises periodically polling.44. The method of claim 42 wherein each email has a respective uniqueidentification (UID) associated therewith; and wherein polling comprisespolling the second server for new emails based upon the UIDs.
 45. Themethod of claim 42 further comprising establishing a semi-permanentHyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) connection between the processor andthe first server.
 46. The method of claim 45 further comprising pollingthe second server to detect new emails if the semi-permanent HTTPconnection is terminated.
 47. The method of claim 45 wherein theprocessor initiates the semi-permanent connection using an HTTP GETrequest; and wherein sending comprises sending the new emailnotifications using an HTTP POST request.